In modern manufacturing, die casting technology is widely used because of its high efficiency, precision and high volume production capacity. As a key component in the die casting process, the design of the nozzle directly affects the flow of the metal liquid, the filling effect and the quality of the final product. We will delve into the influence of nozzle shape and material on the injection process, revealing the importance of optimizing nozzle design.

1、 Influence of nozzle shape on injection process

The shape of nozzle is one of the important factors affecting the flow characteristics of liquid metal. Different nozzle shapes will lead to different flow paths, velocity distributions and pressure changes of metal liquid in the mold, which will affect the internal quality and surface finish of the casting.

1.1、Straight cylindrical nozzle

The straight barrel nozzle is a common nozzle shape, which is characterized by a straight internal channel. The advantages of this design are simple structure, easy processing and maintenance, and less energy loss during the flow of metal liquid. However, the straight barrel nozzle also has some disadvantages, such as the injection effect of metal liquid when entering the mold, resulting in defects such as pores and inclusions.

1.2、Conical nozzle

A tapered nozzle is a tapered nozzle shape characterized by a tapered internal passage. This design can effectively reduce the turbulent phenomenon of metal liquid in the process of flow and improve the stability of flow. At the same time, the conical nozzle can also reduce the contact area between the liquid metal and the inner wall of the mold, reduce the heat conduction loss, and help to maintain the temperature of the liquid metal.

1.3、Perforated nozzle

The porous nozzle is a nozzle shape with multiple outlets, which is characterized by dispersing the metal liquid into a number of small jets. This design can significantly improve the filling efficiency of liquid metal and reduce the generation of defects such as bubbles and cold insulation. In addition, the porous nozzle can also achieve precise control of different parts of the casting by adjusting the flow ratio of each outlet.

2、The influence of nozzle material on the injection process

The material selection of the nozzle has an important impact on its durability, thermal conductivity and wear resistance. The right material ensures that the nozzle maintains stable performance under high temperature and pressure, extending service life and reducing maintenance costs.

2.1、High heat resisting steel

High heat resistant steel is a material commonly used in the manufacture of nozzles, which has good high temperature resistance and mechanical strength. In the high temperature and high pressure working environment, the nozzle made of high heat resistant steel can maintain good dimensional stability and wear resistance to ensure the smooth flow of metal liquid.

2.2、Ceramic material

Ceramic materials have excellent high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, so they are widely used in some special applications. Compared with metal materials, ceramic materials have lower thermal conductivity, which can effectively reduce heat conduction loss. However, the brittleness of ceramic materials is large, and it is easy to break or damage during use.

2.3、Composite material

Composite material is a new material formed by combining two or more materials with different properties through physical or chemical methods. Composite materials usually have the advantages of each component material, such as high strength, high toughness and good wear resistance. The use of composite materials in nozzle design can improve the overall performance of nozzle and meet the requirements of complex working conditions.

3、 Collaborative optimization of nozzle design and injection process

In order to give full play to the advantages of nozzle shape and material and realize efficient injection process, it is necessary to optimize the nozzle design and injection process. This includes the following aspects:

3.1、Matching of nozzle shape and mold structure

The shape of the nozzle should match the structure of the mold to ensure that the metal liquid can flow smoothly into various parts of the mold. For example, for castings with complex geometry, porous nozzles or special shaped nozzles can be used to improve the filling effect of liquid metal.

3.2、Precise control of nozzle parameters

Nozzle parameters (such as diameter, length and Angle, etc.) should be precisely controlled according to the specific process conditions. Too large or too small nozzle parameters can cause problems such as unstable metal flow or inability to fill the mold. Therefore, it is necessary to select the appropriate nozzle parameters and dynamically adjust them according to the actual production situation.

3.3、Reasonable choice of nozzle material

The material of the nozzle should be reasonably selected according to the specific working environment and process requirements. For example, high heat resistant steel or ceramic materials should be used in high temperature and high pressure working environments; In the case of good thermal conductivity, new materials such as composite materials can be considered.

4、 Conclusion

The nozzle design of die casting machine has an important influence on the injection process. By optimizing the shape and material selection of the nozzle, efficient metal flow and high-quality casting results can be achieved. In the future, with the continuous development of material science and manufacturing technology, it is believed that there will be more innovative nozzle design schemes, which will inject new vitality into the development of the die casting industry.