During the die casting production process, sandblasting and cleaning of molds are crucial steps. These two processes not only improve the surface quality of castings but also extend the lifespan of the molds. Let’s discuss the methods and techniques for sandblasting and cleaning die casting molds.

1、Purpose and Principles of Mold Sandblasting

Mold sandblasting is a method of roughening the surface of molds by high-speed impact of abrasive particles. The primary purpose of sandblasting is to remove oxidation layers, residual release agents, and other impurities from the mold surface, creating favorable conditions for subsequent processes such as coating and bonding.

The principle of sandblasting is to use high-speed impact of abrasive particles to cause plastic deformation of the surface material, thereby achieving surface roughening. Simultaneously, the heat generated during the sandblasting process can refine the grain structure of the mold surface material, increasing its hardness and wear resistance.

2、Methods and Techniques for Mold Sandblasting

Choose suitable abrasives: Select appropriate abrasives based on the mold material and surface treatment requirements. Common abrasives include aluminum oxide, quartz sand, and copper ore sand. The particle size and hardness of the abrasives also affect the sandblasting effect, so choose accordingly.

Control sandblasting distance and angle: The sandblasting distance and angle have a significant impact on the sandblasting effect. Generally, the sandblasting distance should be controlled between 100-300mm, and the angle should be maintained at 20-30 degrees. Excessive or insufficient distance and angle can affect the sandblasting effect.

Control sandblasting pressure: Sandblasting pressure also greatly influences the sandblasting effect. Generally, the sandblasting pressure should be controlled between 0.3-0.8MPa. Excessive pressure can result in excessive roughening of the mold surface, affecting the quality of castings, while too low pressure can lead to unsatisfactory sandblasting results.

Control sandblasting time: Prolonged sandblasting time can lead to excessive roughening of the mold surface, affecting the quality of castings, while insufficient time will result in poor sandblasting effects. Generally, the sandblasting time should be controlled between 1-5 minutes.

3、Methods and Techniques for Mold Cleaning

Choose suitable cleaning agents: Select suitable cleaning agents based on the mold material and the type of dirt. Common cleaning agents include alkaline cleaners, acidic cleaners, and neutral cleaners. The selection and use of cleaning agents should follow the principles of safety and environmental friendliness.

Control cleaning agent concentration: The concentration of the cleaning agent greatly affects the cleaning effect. Generally, the concentration of the cleaning agent should be controlled between 3%-10%. High concentrations can corrode the mold surface, affecting the quality of castings, while low concentrations result in unsatisfactory cleaning effects.

Control cleaning time and temperature: Cleaning time and temperature also have a significant impact on the cleaning effect. Generally, the cleaning time should be controlled between 10-30 minutes, and the temperature should be maintained between 40-60°C. Excessive time and high temperature can lead to excessive corrosion of the mold surface, affecting the quality of castings, while insufficient time and low temperature will result in poor cleaning effects.

Use ultrasonic cleaning: Ultrasonic cleaning is an efficient and environmentally friendly cleaning method. The cavitation effect generated by ultrasonic vibration can effectively remove dirt and impurities from the mold surface. Ultrasonic cleaning not only improves the cleaning effect but also shortens the cleaning time, reducing production costs.

4、Considerations for Mold Sandblasting and Cleaning

When performing mold sandblasting and cleaning, proper protective equipment such as goggles, masks, and gloves should be worn to ensure safety during the operation.

The wastewater, exhaust gases, and other pollutants generated during sandblasting and cleaning should be properly treated to prevent environmental pollution.

After sandblasting and cleaning, molds should be promptly maintained and preserved to ensure their lifespan and the quality of castings.

In conclusion, sandblasting and cleaning of die casting molds are key steps to enhance the quality of castings and extend the lifespan of molds. By mastering the correct methods and techniques, production efficiency and product quality can be effectively improved, leading to greater economic benefits.

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